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The Narrative Brain : The Stories Our Neurons Tell
An investigation of the emotional power of narrative that illuminates the relationship between the human brain and the stories we tell As humans, we think in stories—stories that allow us to feel and share emotions.In order for this phenomenon to work, our brains and the ways in which we tell stories must be attuned to each other.But how exactly does this happen? Tapping into the essence of thinking in stories, Fritz Breithaupt draws on the latest scientific research, including a retelling study (comparable to the telephone game) with more than 12,000 participants, and experiments in which ChatGPT functions as storyteller.This wide-ranging study includes analyses of political history, novels, fairy tales, and everyday office gossip; proposes a new theory of narrative that focuses on emotions and affects; and hypothesizes on the evolution of narratives among our hominid ancestors.Redefining us as beings who anchor ourselves in the world through narratives, Breithaupt introduces a new kind of psychology that cuts to the core of how and why humans feel the need to tell stories.
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Brain-Mind : From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity
How do brains make minds? Paul Thagard presents a unified, brain-based theory of cognition and emotion with applications to the most complex kinds of thinking, right up to consciousness and creativity.Neural mechanisms are used to explain mental operations for analogy, action, intention, language, and the self. Brain-Mind develops a brilliant account of mental operations using promising new ideas from theoretical neuroscience.Single neurons cannot do much by themselves, but groups of neurons work together to accomplish powerful kinds of mental representation, including concepts, images, and rules.Minds enable people to perceive, imagine, solve problems, understand, learn, speak, reason, create, and be emotional and conscious.Competing explanations of how the mind works have identified it as soul, computer, brain, dynamical system, or social construction.This book explains minds in terms of interacting mechanisms operating at multiple levels, including the social, mental, neural, and molecular.Unification comes from systematic application of Chris Eliasmith's powerful Semantic Pointer Architecture, a highly original synthesis of neural network and symbolic ideas about how the mind works.This book belongs to a trio that includes Mind-Society: From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions and Natural Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty.They can be read independently, but together they make up a Treatise on Mind and Society that provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the cognitive sciences, social sciences, professions, and humanities.
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Neurobiological Evolution of Humans : From Neurons to Narratives
Our perception of the brain structure and function as an organ full of secrets and mysteries must change, and it is necessary to consider it as a part of the body that is constantly evolving and developing to maintain homeostasis for the entire human organism.New fossils, imaging methods, molecular genetics, comparative anatomy, evolutionary psychology, cognitive concepts in neuroscience, and neurology have made it possible to address questions of the neurological evolution of humans.This book integrates disparate findings from those disciplines in a succinct history by explaining how evolutionary process occurred, reshaped our brain, reconstructed our mind, and finally changed our "selves."Key FeaturesExplains complex scientific concepts in neurobiology using lucid prose and maintaining a clear narrativeProvides well-documented arguments supported by hundreds of references and citationsDocuments a complex history which unfolded over millions of yearsOffers new approaches intended to transform ideas, opinions, and intellectual foundations of the brain
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Phenotyping of Human iPSC-derived Neurons : Patient-Driven Research
Phenotyping of Human iPSC-derived Neurons: Patient-Driven Research examines the steps in a preclinical pipeline that utilizes iPSC-derived neuronal technology to better understand neurological disorders and identify novel therapeutics, also providing considerations and best practices.By presenting example projects that identify phenotypes and mechanisms relevant to autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy, this book allows readers to understand what considerations are important to assess at the start of project design.Sections address reproducibility issues and advances in technology at each stage of the pipeline and provide suggestions for improvement.From patient sample collection and proper controls to neuronal differentiation, phenotyping, screening, and considerations for moving to the clinic, these detailed descriptions of each stage of the pipeline will help everyone, regardless of stage in the pipeline. In recent years, drug discovery in the neurosciences has struggled to identify novel therapeutics for patients with varying indications, including epilepsy, chronic pain, and psychosis.Current treatment options for such patients are decades old and offer little relief with many side effects.One explanation for this lull in novel therapeutics is a lack of novel target identification for neurological disorders (and target identification requires exemplar preclinical data).To improve on the preclinical work that often relies on rodent modeling, the field has begun utilizing patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to differentiate neurons in vitro for preclinical characterization of neurological disease and target identification.
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How can one increase the formation of new brain cells/neurons?
One can increase the formation of new brain cells/neurons through various lifestyle changes and activities. Regular exercise has been shown to promote the production of new neurons in the brain. Additionally, engaging in activities that challenge the brain, such as learning a new skill or language, can also stimulate the formation of new neurons. Getting enough sleep, managing stress, and maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids can also support the growth of new brain cells. Finally, social interaction and staying mentally active through activities like puzzles or games can also contribute to the formation of new neurons.
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Why do I have such difficulty with the on-center neurons and off-center neurons?
You may have difficulty with on-center and off-center neurons because they are part of the complex process of visual perception. These neurons are responsible for detecting contrast and edges in the visual field, and their interactions help to create the perception of shapes and objects. Understanding the function and interactions of these neurons requires a deep understanding of the visual system and neural processing. It is not uncommon for individuals to find this concept challenging due to its complexity and the intricate nature of neural processing in the visual system.
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Are you familiar with mirror neurons?
Yes, I am familiar with mirror neurons. Mirror neurons are a type of brain cell that fires both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing the same action. They are believed to play a role in understanding and imitating the actions of others, as well as in empathy and social behavior. Mirror neurons have been studied in both humans and animals, and their discovery has had significant implications for our understanding of social cognition and behavior.
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What are the measured potentials in neurons?
The measured potentials in neurons refer to the electrical charges that exist across the cell membrane. There are two main types of measured potentials in neurons: resting membrane potential and action potential. The resting membrane potential is the baseline electrical charge of a neuron when it is not actively sending signals, while the action potential is a brief change in electrical charge that occurs when a neuron is transmitting a signal. These measured potentials play a crucial role in the communication and functioning of the nervous system.
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Theoretical Neuroscience : Understanding Cognition
This textbook is an introduction to Systems and Theoretical/Computational Neuroscience, with a particular emphasis on cognition.It consists of three parts: Part I covers fundamental concepts and mathematical models in computational neuroscience, along with cutting-edge topics.Part II explores the building blocks of cognition, including working memory (how the brain maintains and manipulates information "online" without external input), decision making (how choices are made among multiple options under conditions of uncertainty and risk) and behavioral flexibility (how we direct attention and control actions).Part III is dedicated to frontier research, covering models of large-scale multi-regional brain systems, Computational Psychiatry and the interface with Artificial Intelligence.The author highlights the perspective of neural circuits as dynamical systems, and emphasizes a cross-level mechanistic understanding of the brain and mind, from genes and cell types to collective neural populations and behavior.Overall, this textbook provides an opportunity for readers to become well versed in this highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century. Key FeaturesRooted in the most recent advances in experimental studies of basic cognitive functionsIntroduces neurobiological and mathematical concepts so that the book is self-containedHeavily illustrated with high-quality figures that help to illuminate neurobiological concepts, present experimental findings and explain mathematical modelsConcludes with a list of core cognitive behavior tasks, ten take-home messages and three open questions for future researchComputer model codes are available via GitHub for hands-on practice
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Theoretical Neuroscience : Understanding Cognition
This textbook is an introduction to Systems and Theoretical/Computational Neuroscience, with a particular emphasis on cognition.It consists of three parts: Part I covers fundamental concepts and mathematical models in computational neuroscience, along with cutting-edge topics.Part II explores the building blocks of cognition, including working memory (how the brain maintains and manipulates information "online" without external input), decision making (how choices are made among multiple options under conditions of uncertainty and risk) and behavioral flexibility (how we direct attention and control actions).Part III is dedicated to frontier research, covering models of large-scale multi-regional brain systems, Computational Psychiatry and the interface with Artificial Intelligence.The author highlights the perspective of neural circuits as dynamical systems, and emphasizes a cross-level mechanistic understanding of the brain and mind, from genes and cell types to collective neural populations and behavior.Overall, this textbook provides an opportunity for readers to become well versed in this highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century. Key FeaturesRooted in the most recent advances in experimental studies of basic cognitive functionsIntroduces neurobiological and mathematical concepts so that the book is self-containedHeavily illustrated with high-quality figures that help to illuminate neurobiological concepts, present experimental findings and explain mathematical modelsConcludes with a list of core cognitive behavior tasks, ten take-home messages and three open questions for future researchComputer model codes are available via GitHub for hands-on practice
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Intercultural Communication : An Interdisciplinary Approach: When Neurons, Genes, and Evolution Joined the Discourse
This book is an introduction to Intercultural Communication (IC) that takes into account the much neglected dynamic paradigm of culture in the literature.It posits that culture is not static, context is the driving force for change, and individuals can develop a multicultural mind. It is also the first IC textbook in the field that incorporates insight from evolutionary biology and the newly emerging discipline of cultural neurosciences.Such an interdisciplinary approach provides readers with new angles, encourages critical thinking, and sometimes challenges conventional knowledge in the field.The combination of the author's multicultural academic and journalistic background contributes to a balance of diverse perspectives and world views on cultural theories and discourses. The book is ideal for courses in Intercultural Communication with study cases, discussion topics and class activities.
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The Neuroscience of Bach’s Music : Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain
The Neuroscience of Bach’s Music: Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain is a comprehensive study of Johann Sebastian Bach’s music through the lens of neuroscience, examining neuroscience using Bach’s music as a tool.This book synthesizes cognitive neuroscience, music theory, and musicology to provide insights into human cognition and perception.It also explores how a neuroscience perspective can improve listening and performing experiences for Bach’s music.Written by a physician-neuroscientist recognized for scholarly articles on Bach’s music, this book uses specific examples to explore neuroscience across Bach’s compositions. The book is structured to discuss the brain’s action, perception, and cognition as connected to specific Bach concertos, tones, notes, and performances.Two guest contributors provide insight into exact mathematical, or topologic, and music theoretic aspects of Bach’s music with implications for cognitive neuroscience.
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What is the chromosome set of neurons?
Neurons have a diploid chromosome set, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. This diploid set of chromosomes contains all the genetic information necessary for the neuron to function and carry out its specific roles in the nervous system. The chromosomes in neurons contain the genes that encode for various proteins and molecules involved in neuronal function, communication, and signaling.
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Does unsafe behavior come from the neurons?
Unsafe behavior can be influenced by the activity of neurons in the brain. Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals and controlling various functions, including decision-making and impulse control. When neurons are not functioning properly, it can lead to impulsive or risky behavior. Additionally, imbalances in neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers in the brain, can also contribute to unsafe behavior. Therefore, while unsafe behavior does not solely come from neurons, their activity and communication play a significant role in influencing behavior.
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Why are there neurons with fast signal transmission?
Neurons with fast signal transmission, such as those found in the peripheral nervous system, are important for rapid responses to stimuli. For example, in the case of a reflex action, fast transmission allows for a quick withdrawal of a limb from a potentially harmful stimulus. Additionally, fast signal transmission is crucial for activities that require quick coordination and response, such as sports or emergency situations. Overall, neurons with fast signal transmission help to ensure the efficiency and speed of our body's responses to the environment.
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What specific attraction is caused by mirror neurons?
Mirror neurons are believed to be responsible for the phenomenon of empathy and understanding others' intentions and emotions. When we observe someone else performing an action, mirror neurons in our brain fire as if we were performing the action ourselves, leading to a sense of connection and understanding with the other person. This ability to resonate with others' experiences is thought to be the basis for human social behavior and the development of empathy.
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