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Animal Cognition : Evolution, Behavior and Cognition
Thoroughly updated for its third edition with the latest research in the field, this innovative text delivers an apt and comprehensive introduction to the rich and complex world of animal behaviour and cognition.Discover pivotal case studies and experiments that have irrevocably shaped how we view the psychological and social lives of animals and discover such key cognitive topics as memory, communication and sensory perception.Projecting an insightful scope into the cognitive world of animals, from considering the use of tools in birds to the dance communication system of the honey bee, Wynne and Udell analyse and explain the importance of the observations and studies that have led to the greater understanding of how animals learn, perceive social relations, form concepts, experience time and navigate space. Written by two leading researchers in the field, including the author of the best-selling popular science book Dog is Love, this textbook is a complete resource for students of animal cognition, animal behaviour or comparative psychology.
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Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior
How do animals perceive the world, learn, remember, search for food or mates, communicate, and find their way around?Do any nonhuman animals count, imitate one another, use a language, or have a culture?What are the uses of cognition in nature and how might it have evolved?What is the current status of Darwin's claim that other species share the same "mental powers" as humans, but to different degrees?In this completely revised second edition of Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior, Sara Shettleworth addresses these questions, among others, by integrating findings from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a unique and wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research on animal cognition, in the broadest sense--from species-specific adaptations of vision in fish and associative learning in rats to discussions of theory of mind in chimpanzees, dogs, and ravens.She reviews the latest research on topics such as episodic memory, metacognition, and cooperation and other-regarding behavior in animals, as well as recent theories about what makes human cognition unique. In every part of this new edition, Shettleworth incorporates findings and theoretical approaches that have emerged since the first edition was published in 1998.The chapters are now organized into three sections: Fundamental Mechanisms (perception, learning, categorization, memory), Physical Cognition (space, time, number, physical causation), and Social Cognition (social knowledge, social learning, communication).Shettleworth has also added new chapters on evolution and the brain and on numerical cognition, and a new chapter on physical causation that integrates theories of instrumental behavior with discussions of foraging, planning, and tool using.
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Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition
This is the first book to collate and synthesize the recent burgeoning primary research literature on dog behaviour, evolution, and cognition.The author presents a new ecological approach to the understanding of dog behaviour, demonstrating how dogs can be the subject of rigorous and productive scientific study without the need to confine them to a laboratory environment. This second, fully updated edition of Dog Behaviour, Evolution and Cognition starts with an overview of the conceptual and methodological issues associated with the study of the dog, followed by a brief description of their role in human society.An evolutionary perspective is then introduced with a summary of current research into the process of domestication.The central part of the book is devoted to issues relating to the cognitive aspects of behaviour which have received particular attention in recent years from both psychologists and ethologists.The book's final chapters introduce the reader to many novel approaches to dog behaviour, set in the context of behavioural development and genetics.This second edition recognises and discusses the fact that dogs are increasingly being used as model organisms for studying aspects of human biology, such as genetic diseases and ageing.Specific attention is also given in this edition to attachment behaviour which emerges between humans and dogs, the importance of inter-specific communication in the success of dogs in human communities and the broad aspects of social cognition and how this may contribute to human-dog cooperationDirections for future research are highlighted throughout the text which also incorporates links to human and primate research by drawing on homologies and analogies in both evolution and behaviour.The book will therefore be of relevance and use to anyone with an interest in behavioural ecology including graduate students of animal behaviour and cognition, as well as a more general audience of dog enthusiasts, biologists, psychologists, veterinarians, and sociologists.
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An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion : Connecting Evolution, Brain, Cognition and Culture
In recent decades, a new scienti?c approach to understand, explain, and predict many features of religion has emerged.The cognitive science of religion (CSR) has amassed research on the forces that shape the tendency for humans to be religious and on what forms belief takes.It suggests that religion, like language or music, naturally emerges in humans with tractable similarities.This new approach has profound implications for how we understand religion, including why it appears so easily, and why people are willing to ?ght—and die—for it.Yet it is not without its critics, and some fear that scholars are explaining the ine?able mystery of religion away, or showing that religion is natural proves or disproves the existence of God. An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion offers students and general readers an accessible introduction to the approach, providing an overview of key ?ndings and the debates that shape it.The volume includes a glossary of key terms, and each chapter includes suggestions for further thought and further reading as well as chapter summaries highlighting key points. This book is an indispensable resource for introductory courses on religion and a much-needed option for advanced courses.
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Theoretical Neuroscience : Understanding Cognition
This textbook is an introduction to Systems and Theoretical/Computational Neuroscience, with a particular emphasis on cognition.It consists of three parts: Part I covers fundamental concepts and mathematical models in computational neuroscience, along with cutting-edge topics.Part II explores the building blocks of cognition, including working memory (how the brain maintains and manipulates information "online" without external input), decision making (how choices are made among multiple options under conditions of uncertainty and risk) and behavioral flexibility (how we direct attention and control actions).Part III is dedicated to frontier research, covering models of large-scale multi-regional brain systems, Computational Psychiatry and the interface with Artificial Intelligence.The author highlights the perspective of neural circuits as dynamical systems, and emphasizes a cross-level mechanistic understanding of the brain and mind, from genes and cell types to collective neural populations and behavior.Overall, this textbook provides an opportunity for readers to become well versed in this highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century. Key FeaturesRooted in the most recent advances in experimental studies of basic cognitive functionsIntroduces neurobiological and mathematical concepts so that the book is self-containedHeavily illustrated with high-quality figures that help to illuminate neurobiological concepts, present experimental findings and explain mathematical modelsConcludes with a list of core cognitive behavior tasks, ten take-home messages and three open questions for future researchComputer model codes are available via GitHub for hands-on practice
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It's Only Human : The Evolution of Distinctively Human Cognition
What makes humans cognitively unique, and why are we unique in these ways?Armin W. Schulz suggests that the singularity of our ways of thinking is based in a positive feedback loop that joins innate representations, forms of cultural learning, and technology.This feedback loop explains a number of key applications of our cognitive abilities, from our industriousness through trade, our conceptions of morality, and our ability to engage with the thoughts of others.Discussing the evolution of human cognition is complicated by the fact that it must be recognized to be multi-dimensional, culturally variable, and only differing in degree from non-human cognition.Taking this complexity into account, Schulz develops an interactionist theory of the evolution and nature of distinctively human cognition.At the core of this theory is the idea that underlying human cognitive uniqueness is a complex, interlocking interplay between three different elements: (1) a set of evolved representational expectations; (2) a pronounced disposition for cultural learning, and (3) complex and variegated technology.All three are further underwritten by a unique set of lower-level cognitive abilities, which are in turn influenced by the feedback loop created by the major three. With the help of this feedback loop, key examples of uniquely human cognition can be explained: distinctively human mindreading, distinctively human moral cognition, and the distinctively human propensity for trade.Schulz concludes with an application of this interactionist theory of distinctively human cognition to some issues of contemporary importance: the relationship between distinctively human cognition and increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence, the role of religion in human thought and action, and the relationship between extensive patent regimes and human innovation. It's Only Human makes clear how human cognition can end up differing quite markedly from non-human cognition, even though its individual elements might initially and intrinsically only differ in relatively small degrees.
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On the Origin of Stories : Evolution, Cognition, and Fiction
A century and a half after the publication of Origin of Species, evolutionary thinking has expanded beyond the field of biology to include virtually all human-related subjects—anthropology, archeology, psychology, economics, religion, morality, politics, culture, and art.Now a distinguished scholar offers the first comprehensive account of the evolutionary origins of art and storytelling.Brian Boyd explains why we tell stories, how our minds are shaped to understand them, and what difference an evolutionary understanding of human nature makes to stories we love.Art is a specifically human adaptation, Boyd argues.It offers tangible advantages for human survival, and it derives from play, itself an adaptation widespread among more intelligent animals.More particularly, our fondness for storytelling has sharpened social cognition, encouraged cooperation, and fostered creativity. After considering art as adaptation, Boyd examines Homer’s Odyssey and Dr. Seuss’s Horton Hears a Who! demonstrating how an evolutionary lens can offer new understanding and appreciation of specific works.What triggers our emotional engagement with these works?What patterns facilitate our responses? The need to hold an audience’s attention, Boyd underscores, is the fundamental problem facing all storytellers.Enduring artists arrive at solutions that appeal to cognitive universals: an insight out of step with contemporary criticism, which obscures both the individual and universal.Published for the bicentenary of Darwin’s birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of Origin of Species, Boyd’s study embraces a Darwinian view of human nature and art, and offers a credo for a new humanism.
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The Neuroscience of Bach’s Music : Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain
The Neuroscience of Bach’s Music: Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain is a comprehensive study of Johann Sebastian Bach’s music through the lens of neuroscience, examining neuroscience using Bach’s music as a tool.This book synthesizes cognitive neuroscience, music theory, and musicology to provide insights into human cognition and perception.It also explores how a neuroscience perspective can improve listening and performing experiences for Bach’s music.Written by a physician-neuroscientist recognized for scholarly articles on Bach’s music, this book uses specific examples to explore neuroscience across Bach’s compositions. The book is structured to discuss the brain’s action, perception, and cognition as connected to specific Bach concertos, tones, notes, and performances.Two guest contributors provide insight into exact mathematical, or topologic, and music theoretic aspects of Bach’s music with implications for cognitive neuroscience.
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