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Theoretical Neuroscience : Understanding Cognition
This textbook is an introduction to Systems and Theoretical/Computational Neuroscience, with a particular emphasis on cognition.It consists of three parts: Part I covers fundamental concepts and mathematical models in computational neuroscience, along with cutting-edge topics.Part II explores the building blocks of cognition, including working memory (how the brain maintains and manipulates information "online" without external input), decision making (how choices are made among multiple options under conditions of uncertainty and risk) and behavioral flexibility (how we direct attention and control actions).Part III is dedicated to frontier research, covering models of large-scale multi-regional brain systems, Computational Psychiatry and the interface with Artificial Intelligence.The author highlights the perspective of neural circuits as dynamical systems, and emphasizes a cross-level mechanistic understanding of the brain and mind, from genes and cell types to collective neural populations and behavior.Overall, this textbook provides an opportunity for readers to become well versed in this highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century. Key FeaturesRooted in the most recent advances in experimental studies of basic cognitive functionsIntroduces neurobiological and mathematical concepts so that the book is self-containedHeavily illustrated with high-quality figures that help to illuminate neurobiological concepts, present experimental findings and explain mathematical modelsConcludes with a list of core cognitive behavior tasks, ten take-home messages and three open questions for future researchComputer model codes are available via GitHub for hands-on practice
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Theoretical Neuroscience : Understanding Cognition
This textbook is an introduction to Systems and Theoretical/Computational Neuroscience, with a particular emphasis on cognition.It consists of three parts: Part I covers fundamental concepts and mathematical models in computational neuroscience, along with cutting-edge topics.Part II explores the building blocks of cognition, including working memory (how the brain maintains and manipulates information "online" without external input), decision making (how choices are made among multiple options under conditions of uncertainty and risk) and behavioral flexibility (how we direct attention and control actions).Part III is dedicated to frontier research, covering models of large-scale multi-regional brain systems, Computational Psychiatry and the interface with Artificial Intelligence.The author highlights the perspective of neural circuits as dynamical systems, and emphasizes a cross-level mechanistic understanding of the brain and mind, from genes and cell types to collective neural populations and behavior.Overall, this textbook provides an opportunity for readers to become well versed in this highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century. Key FeaturesRooted in the most recent advances in experimental studies of basic cognitive functionsIntroduces neurobiological and mathematical concepts so that the book is self-containedHeavily illustrated with high-quality figures that help to illuminate neurobiological concepts, present experimental findings and explain mathematical modelsConcludes with a list of core cognitive behavior tasks, ten take-home messages and three open questions for future researchComputer model codes are available via GitHub for hands-on practice
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The Neuroscience of Bach’s Music : Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain
The Neuroscience of Bach’s Music: Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain is a comprehensive study of Johann Sebastian Bach’s music through the lens of neuroscience, examining neuroscience using Bach’s music as a tool.This book synthesizes cognitive neuroscience, music theory, and musicology to provide insights into human cognition and perception.It also explores how a neuroscience perspective can improve listening and performing experiences for Bach’s music.Written by a physician-neuroscientist recognized for scholarly articles on Bach’s music, this book uses specific examples to explore neuroscience across Bach’s compositions. The book is structured to discuss the brain’s action, perception, and cognition as connected to specific Bach concertos, tones, notes, and performances.Two guest contributors provide insight into exact mathematical, or topologic, and music theoretic aspects of Bach’s music with implications for cognitive neuroscience.
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The Brain in Motion : From Microcircuits to Global Brain Function
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Is brain function repairable?
Yes, to some extent, brain function is repairable. The brain has a certain degree of plasticity, meaning it can reorganize and form new connections in response to learning, experience, and injury. With the help of rehabilitation therapy, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, individuals can often regain lost functions or learn to compensate for them. Additionally, ongoing research in the field of neuroplasticity and regenerative medicine holds promise for further advancements in repairing brain function in the future. However, the extent of repairability depends on the nature and severity of the injury or condition affecting the brain.
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How would a Matryoshka brain theoretically function?
A Matryoshka brain would theoretically function as a series of nested artificial intelligence systems, with each layer of intelligence controlling and optimizing the layer below it. Each layer would be responsible for a specific task or function, and would pass information and decisions up and down the hierarchy as needed. This structure would allow for complex problem-solving and decision-making capabilities, with each layer contributing to the overall intelligence of the system. The Matryoshka brain would be able to adapt and learn over time, continuously improving its performance and efficiency.
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Does the brain function better when well-rested?
Yes, the brain functions better when well-rested. During sleep, the brain consolidates memories, processes information, and clears out toxins that have built up during the day. Lack of sleep can impair cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and decision-making. Getting enough rest is crucial for optimal brain function and overall well-being.
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How does nutrition influence brain function and cognitive ability?
Nutrition plays a crucial role in brain function and cognitive ability. The brain requires a constant supply of nutrients to function optimally, and a well-balanced diet provides the necessary nutrients for brain health. Nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals support cognitive function, memory, and overall brain health. On the other hand, a diet high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats can negatively impact brain function and cognitive ability. Therefore, maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is essential for supporting optimal brain function and cognitive ability.
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Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience : A Philosophical Introduction
This carefully designed, multi-authored textbook covers a broad range of theoretical issues in cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience.With accessible language, a uniform structure, and many pedagogical features, Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience: A Philosophical Introdution is the best high-level overview of this area for an interdisciplinary readership of students.Written specifically for this volume by experts in their fields who are also experienced teachers, the book’s thirty chapters are organized into the following parts:I.Background KnowledgeII. Classical DebatesIII. ConsciousnessIV. Crossing BoundariesEach chapter starts with relevant key words and definitions and a chapter overview, then presents historical coverage of the topic, explains and analyzes contemporary debates, and ends with a sketch of cutting edge research.A list of suggested readings and helpful discussion topics conclude each chapter.This uniform, student-friendly design makes it possible to teach a cohort of both philosophy and interdisciplinary students without assuming prior understanding of philosophical concepts, cognitive science, or neuroscience. Key Features:Synthesizes the now decades-long explosion of scientifically informed philosophical research in the study of mind. Expands on the offerings of other textbooks by including chapters on language, concepts and non-conceptual content, and animal cognition. Offers the same structure in each chapter, moving the reader through an overview, historical coverage, contemporary debates, and finally cutting-edge research. Packed with pedagogical features, like defined Key Terms, Suggested Readings, and Discussion Questions for each chapter, as well as a General Glossary. Provides readers with clear, chapter-long introductions to Cognitive Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Experimental Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Science, Metaphysical Issues, and Epistemic Issues.
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Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience : A Philosophical Introduction
This carefully designed, multi-authored textbook covers a broad range of theoretical issues in cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience.With accessible language, a uniform structure, and many pedagogical features, Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience: A Philosophical Introdution is the best high-level overview of this area for an interdisciplinary readership of students.Written specifically for this volume by experts in their fields who are also experienced teachers, the book’s thirty chapters are organized into the following parts:I.Background KnowledgeII. Classical DebatesIII. ConsciousnessIV. Crossing BoundariesEach chapter starts with relevant key words and definitions and a chapter overview, then presents historical coverage of the topic, explains and analyzes contemporary debates, and ends with a sketch of cutting edge research.A list of suggested readings and helpful discussion topics conclude each chapter.This uniform, student-friendly design makes it possible to teach a cohort of both philosophy and interdisciplinary students without assuming prior understanding of philosophical concepts, cognitive science, or neuroscience. Key Features:Synthesizes the now decades-long explosion of scientifically informed philosophical research in the study of mind. Expands on the offerings of other textbooks by including chapters on language, concepts and non-conceptual content, and animal cognition. Offers the same structure in each chapter, moving the reader through an overview, historical coverage, contemporary debates, and finally cutting-edge research. Packed with pedagogical features, like defined Key Terms, Suggested Readings, and Discussion Questions for each chapter, as well as a General Glossary. Provides readers with clear, chapter-long introductions to Cognitive Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Experimental Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Science, Metaphysical Issues, and Epistemic Issues.
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From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience
A comprehensive, integrated, and accessible textbook presenting core neuroscientific topics from a computational perspective, tracing a path from cells and circuits to behavior and cognition. This textbook presents a wide range of subjects in neuroscience from a computational perspective.It offers a comprehensive, integrated introduction to core topics, using computational tools to trace a path from neurons and circuits to behavior and cognition.Moreover, the chapters show how computational neuroscience-methods for modeling the causal interactions underlying neural systems-complements empirical research in advancing the understanding of brain and behavior.The chapters-all by leaders in the field, and carefully integrated by the editors-cover such subjects as action and motor control; neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, and reinforcement learning; vision; and language-the core of human cognition. The book can be used for advanced undergraduate or graduate level courses.It presents all necessary background in neuroscience beyond basic facts about neurons and synapses and general ideas about the structure and function of the human brain.Students should be familiar with differential equations and probability theory, and be able to pick up the basics of programming in MATLAB and/or Python.Slides, exercises, and other ancillary materials are freely available online, and many of the models described in the chapters are documented in the brain operation database, BODB (which is also described in a book chapter). ContributorsMichael A. Arbib, Joseph Ayers, James Bednar, Andrej Bicanski, James J.Bonaiuto, Nicolas Brunel, Jean-Marie Cabelguen, Carmen Canavier, Angelo Cangelosi, Richard P.Cooper, Carlos R. Cortes, Nathaniel Daw, Paul Dean, Peter Ford Dominey, Pierre Enel, Jean-Marc Fellous, Stefano Fusi, Wulfram Gerstner, Frank Grasso, Jacqueline A.Griego, Ziad M. Hafed, Michael E. Hasselmo, Auke Ijspeert, Stephanie Jones, Daniel Kersten, Jeremie Knuesel, Owen Lewis, William W.Lytton, Tomaso Poggio, John Porrill, Tony J. Prescott, John Rinzel, Edmund Rolls, Jonathan Rubin, Nicolas Schweighofer, Mohamed A.Sherif, Malle A. Tagamets, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Nathan Vierling-Claasen, Xiao-Jing Wang, Christopher Williams, Ransom Winder, Alan L.Yuille
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Hacking Neuroplasticity : How AI Can Help Your Healthy Aging Brain
Neuroplasticity is the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.It is when the brain is rewired to function in some way that differs from how it previously functioned.How does aging affect neuroplasticity? As we grow older, plasticity decreases to stabilize what we have already learned.What influence does the aging process have on memory?Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging. As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain.As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things, they don’t remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses.This book on evolving neuroscience is unique in its lifespan focus on driving neuroplasticity in a positive direction to influence the Flynn effect of increasing human intelligence as the preferred way to prevent, delay onset, and/or reverse dementia.It considers potential impact from the first moments of life through end of life.It includes intergenerational activities. Its inclusion of centenarians and supercentenarians provides examples of "Super Agers" who have maintained and/or increased neurocognitive capacity, often with a health span that approximated their vigorous longevity.It discusses the use of the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution to refine, personalize, and broaden our global reach to enhance the Flynn effect as the preferred effort to improve global statistics on neurocognitive functioning at any age.Driving neuroplasticity in a positive direction at all ages is urgent.With this book’s focus on evidence-based interventions at any age which can have physical, emotional, neurobiological, neurochemical, immunological, and social health benefits, it is a unique overview and application of evolving neuroscience to address the UN/WHO Decade of Action for Healthy Ageing for All.
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How does nutrition affect brain function and cognitive abilities?
Nutrition plays a crucial role in brain function and cognitive abilities. The brain requires a constant supply of nutrients to function optimally, and deficiencies in key nutrients can impair cognitive function. For example, omega-3 fatty acids found in fish have been linked to improved memory and cognitive function. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can provide the necessary nutrients to support brain health and cognitive abilities. In contrast, diets high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats have been associated with cognitive decline and impaired brain function.
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Which food and drink promotes strong brain function in school?
Foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds, are known to promote strong brain function in school. Additionally, foods rich in antioxidants, such as berries and dark leafy greens, can also support brain health. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day is also important for maintaining optimal brain function, as dehydration can negatively impact cognitive performance. Avoiding sugary and processed foods, and opting for whole, nutrient-dense options, can also contribute to better brain function in school.
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What is the connection between brain function and cognitive decline?
Brain function and cognitive decline are closely connected, as cognitive decline often results from changes in brain function. As we age, the brain undergoes natural changes, such as a decrease in the production of neurotransmitters and the formation of plaques and tangles. These changes can lead to a decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. Additionally, certain conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, can also cause significant cognitive decline by affecting brain function. Therefore, maintaining good brain function through activities like exercise, healthy eating, and mental stimulation can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline.
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'Function or no function?'
A function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of possible outputs where each input is related to exactly one output. To determine if a relation is a function, we can use the vertical line test. If a vertical line can intersect the graph of the relation at more than one point, then it is not a function. If the vertical line intersects the graph at only one point for every input value, then the relation is a function.
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